Course detail

Electrical Machines

FEKT-BPC-ESBAcad. year: 2025/2026

The course focuses on the principles, design, and operation of electrical machines, essential for modern mobility, electrical engineering, and industrial applications. The introduction covers the fundamentals of magnetism and their equations, followed by a detailed analysis of transformers, including their construction, operating principles, and real-world characteristics. The next section is dedicated to rotating electrical machines, such as asynchronous and synchronous machines, with a focus on torque production, generating rotating magnetic fields, windings, operational characteristics, and control methods. It also addresses synchronous machines with salient poles and permanent magnets. The course incorporates modern trends in the application of electrical machines for transportation electrification.

 

 

Language of instruction

Czech

Number of ECTS credits

6

Mode of study

Not applicable.

Entry knowledge

Student should have been able to:
-explain and define basic terms magnetic field, electric field, magnetic field, circuits with lumped and distributed parameters,
- solve DC, AC and magnetic circuits,
- solve three phase AC circuits,
- define the terms work and energy,
- describe and explain basic properties soft and hard magnetic materials.

Rules for evaluation and completion of the course

Laboratory - 30 points
Final Exam - 70 points 

 

Aims

To acquaint the students with the principle of operation and performance of transformers, induction machines, DC machines and synchronous machines. The theoretical knowledge are proved in laboratory excerscises
Subject graduate should have been able:
- describe main parts of electric machines,
- know classes of insulation and electrical machines costruction,
- describe construction of transformer,
- explain transformer losses,
- understand and explain single and multiphase transformer operation,
- calculate parameters of transformer equivalent circuit from no-load and short – circuit tests,
- draw and explain phasor diagrams of transformer at no load, at short circuit and generally loaded.
- transformer winding connection and phasor diagram for different hour angle,
- explain and calculate transformer voltage regulation,
- describe and explain construction and principle of operation of induction machine with wound rotor and with squirrel cage,
- describe revolving magnetic field generation,
- define basic kinds of AC machine windings,
- sketch curve of magnetic field of AC winding distributed in more slots,
- draw equivalent induction machine circuit diagram, derive torque equation and draw torque - speed characteristic ,
- describe connection of induction motor into public utility network and speed control,
- describe construction and principle of operation of single phase induction motor,
- describe principle operation and construction of nonsalient synchronous machine,
- draw simplified circuit diagram, derive torque equation and draw phasor diagram,
- explain synchronous generator operation with isolated load and with public utility network, use phasor diagram for explanation,
- explain synchronous compensator principle of operation,
- describe DC machine construction and principle of operation,
- describe basic types of DC machine windings,
- derive torque and induced voltage equations,
- explain properties of DC motors and generators,
- describe construction and explain principle of operation of AC single phase commutator machines.

Study aids

Not applicable.

Prerequisites and corequisites

Not applicable.

Basic literature

Fitzgerald,Kingsley,Kusko::Electric Machinery,McGraw-Hill
Hrabovcová, V., Rafajdus, P.: Elektrické stroje. Teória a príklady, EDIS ŽU v Žiline, ISBN: 978-80-554-0101-0 (CS)
Měřička,Haňka,Voženílek.::Elektrické stroje,ČVUT Praha
O'Kelly:Performance and Control of Electrical Machines,McGraw-Hill
P. C. Sen: Principles of Electric Machines and Power Electronics, ISBN: 9781118078877 (EN)
Stephen Umans: Fitzgerald & Kingsley's Electric Machinery 7th Edition, ISBN: 978-0073380469 (EN)

Recommended reading

Not applicable.

Elearning

Classification of course in study plans

  • Programme BPC-SEE Bachelor's 2 year of study, summer semester, compulsory, profile core courses

Type of course unit

 

Lecture

39 hours, optionally

Teacher / Lecturer

Syllabus

  1. Introduction and motivation; Fundamentals of electromagnetism in electrical machines – basic relationships, losses, and concepts
  2. Fundamentals of electromagnetism in electrical machines – design and operating principle of a simple DC machine
  3. Fundamentals of electromagnetism in electrical machines – two-coil system and their interaction
  4. Transformer – Real transformer, equivalent circuit, basic equations
  5. Rotating electrical machines – introduction, torque production, formation of a rotating magnetic field, windings
  6. Review and preparation for Quiz/Test 1 (KT1); Induction machine – introduction to induction motors
  7. Induction machine – equivalent circuit
  8. Induction machine – phasor diagram and operating characteristics. Starting three-phase induction motors from the mains, speed control, and single-phase induction machines
  9. Synchronous machine – operating principle, construction, phasor diagrams
  10. Synchronous machine – theory of the smooth-rotor machine. Torque characteristic, synchronous machine supplying an isolated load and operating in parallel with the grid
  11. Synchronous machine – salient-pole synchronous machines and permanent-magnet synchronous machines
  12. REVIEW and preparation for Quiz/Test 2 (KT2); Calculations for synchronous machines
  13. KT2 – AC rotating electrical machines

Laboratory exercise

10 hours, compulsory

Teacher / Lecturer

Syllabus

  1. Safety rules for working in the laboratory.
  2. L1 – Simple DC-powered electrical machine
  3. L2 – Induction motor – no-load test and calculation of losses
  4. L3 – Induction motor – torque characteristic and calculation of equivalent-circuit parameters
  5. LN – make-up (replacement) measurement
     

Fundamentals seminar

16 hours, compulsory

Teacher / Lecturer

Syllabus

N1 – Magnetic circuits and magnetism in electrical machines; force on a conductor in a magnetic field
N2 – Transformers; two coils on a common core
N3 – Review and preparation for Quiz/Test 1 (KT1)
KT1 – Fundamentals of electromagnetism in electrical machines and single-phase transformers
N4 – Induction machine
N5 – Induction machine
N6 – Synchronous machine
N7 – REVIEW and preparation for Quiz/Test 2 (KT2) 

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