Master's Thesis

Reframing Affordable Housing in Georgia: A Multigenerational Residential Strategy for IDPs and Youth in Gori

Final Thesis 86 MB Appendix 90.3 MB

Author of thesis: Elene Gzirishvili

Acad. year: 2025/2026

Supervisor: Zuzanna Irena Mielczarek, MSc

Reviewer: Mgr. Ing. Wojciech Lesiak

Abstract:

This project aims to develop a multigenerational housing model for Gori that serves not only as a conceptual framework, but also as the basis for a pilot housing complex responding to Georgia’s growing shortage of affordable housing. The proposal positions itself as an alternative residential model that addresses the gap between inadequate state-provided social housing and the increasingly inaccessible private housing market.

Gori was selected deliberately as the site of intervention. Beyond its strategic position as a smaller regional city outside the capital, it carries a strong social and political significance due to its large population of internally displaced persons (IDPs), particularly following the 2008 Russian–Georgian War. In contrast to the concentration of new housing development in Tbilisi and other major urban centres, the project argues that innovative and socially responsive housing models are equally necessary in secondary cities, where displacement, affordability, and limited housing opportunities remain pressing realities.

A central ambition of the project is to challenge the prevailing practice of locating social and IDP housing on the outskirts of cities, where limited access to infrastructure, services, and public life often reinforces social and spatial isolation. By situating the project within the urban fabric of Gori, the design seeks to encourage integration, accessibility, and a socially meaningful living environment for IDPs, young people, and local families alike.

Drawing inspiration from Georgia’s vernacular living traditions — where shared courtyards, collective spaces, and intergenerational coexistence have historically shaped everyday life — the project reinterprets these cultural patterns to propose a contemporary yet contextually grounded housing model.

Keywords:

Affordable housing, Multigenerational housing, Internally displaced persons (IDPs), Social housing, Gori (Georgia), Post-conflict urbanism, Community integration, Residential architecture

Date of defence

08.06.2026

Result of the defence

Defended (thesis was successfully defended)

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Grading

A

Process of defence

The student presented her project. The supervisor’s and opponent’s reports were presented. The student addressed the comments and questions raised in the reviews. During the discussion, the student answered the following questions: What is the economic background of the project? How is the affordability of the project addressed? What ownership model is proposed for the project — rental or privately owned housing? Were there any government regulations or limits considered in the project? The architectural style of the project does not appear to be uniform. Was it intentional for it to resemble a “Brickloge” style?

Language of thesis

English

Faculty

Department

Study programme

Architecture and Urban Design (NE_A+U)

Composition of Committee

doc. Ing. arch. Maxmilian Wittmann, Ph.D. (předseda)
Ing. arch. Josef Kala (člen)
Ing. Petr Selník, Ph.D. (člen)
Ing. arch. Soňa Velková, Ph.D. (člen)
doc. Ing. arch. Nina Bartošová, Ph.D. (člen)
Ing. Lukáš Petr (člen)

Supervisor’s report
Zuzanna Irena Mielczarek, MSc

In my opinion, the analytical part of the project should be considered outstanding and deserving of special distinction. The student methodically analyzed numerous traditional typologies, illustrating and describing them in an engaging and comprehensible manner, ultimately leading to a synthesis that was successfully implemented in the design itself: verandas, galleries, bay windows, extensions, and active rooftops. She analyzed both traditional architecture and examples of modernism. She also addressed the issue of the lack of an effective social housing policy in Georgia and emphasized the need for high-quality housing developments for less privileged groups — developments that would not function merely as temporary humanitarian interventions, but rather as long-term solutions for permanent residents.

I also consider the chosen location significant: not the capital city, Tbilisi, but Gori, a medium-sized city of approximately 40,000 inhabitants. In Georgia there is a strong disparity not only in the scale of cities themselves, but also in the scale of investment between the capital and other urban centers. I believe it is important to demonstrate that new social housing is also needed there. The urban and morphological analysis of Gori was carried out thoroughly, and I consider the selected site - a large undeveloped plot adjacent to dense downtown fabric and a historic hilltop fortress - to be an excellent choice.

It is also worth appreciating how skillfully the student implemented her research findings within the project itself. The design incorporates typologies such as galleries, verandas, shared cooking spaces, green courtyards, and accessible rooftops. The morphology of the buildings integrates well into the urban fabric and references it in both scale and form. Personally, as an enthusiast of postmodern approaches to historic urban contexts (although in this case it is not strictly a reconstruction) and of New Urbanism, I appreciate this direction very much. I see it as a valuable counterpoint to the type of developer-led housing that is popular in Georgia, which often hides poor quality behind a façade of high-end minimalism and is driven primarily by market logic, in contrast to what the student proposes.

That said, I believe the project could perhaps have introduced slightly more contemporary reinterpretations of historical forms, greater material diversity, and stronger dominants. I also feel a certain insufficiency in the apartment layouts themselves. They are correct and functional, but the research focused more strongly on communal spaces and multifunctional circulation areas between residential buildings. However, the project is so broad and thoroughly developed that it would not have been possible to resolve every aspect in equal depth, and the student consciously concentrated on what interested her most and what constituted the primary focus of the research - namely, the in-between neighborhood spaces. I consider this a valid and appropriate choice. Within the apartments themselves, an important reference to traditional ways of living is the inclusion, alongside standard units, of large multi-generational apartments, which deserves recognition since the market rarely offers such housing types.

Overall, I evaluate the entire body of work - thematic research, site research, and design proposal - very highly. The project is of a high standard. The student is ambitious, hardworking, and strongly development-oriented. I see great potential in her as both an architect and an urbanist: she already possesses substantial skills, yet also has the openness and willingness to continue learning through collaboration. She demonstrates excellent analytical, artistic, and graphic abilities, evident both in her hand drawings and in her digital visualizations and collages.

As her supervisor, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Elene for this collaboration.
Evaluation criteria Verbal classification Grade
Přístup studenta ke zpracování Elene is a highly dedicated and ambitious student who proposed an original research topic: an investigation into traditional communal and semi-private spaces in Georgian housing, as well as an analysis of the current condition of social housing in the country. As a design project, she proposed implementing her findings on a central site within the historical context of the city of Gori. Working with the student was exemplary. As her supervisor, I myself had the opportunity to learn a great deal, both about architecture and about the socio-economic context of housing in Georgia. Elene is responsible and reliable, and communication with her was regular and transparent. The student prepared material divided into three parts: a study of typologies of communal and semi-private spaces in Georgian housing; an analysis of the site, location, and urban fabric of the city; and a design proposal for a housing complex. Her analyses include excellent hand drawings, both analytical and artistic. Working with the student was inspiring and enjoyable: we were able to engage in discussions on equal terms, and she consistently attempted to respond to and incorporate most of my comments. It is also worth emphasizing that the student chose a broad and ambitious scope for the project - a relatively complex housing development and its accompanying communal spaces in a central urban location. A
Points proposed by supervisor: 93

Grade proposed by supervisor: A

Reviewer’s report
Mgr. Ing. Wojciech Lesiak

Research

The thoroughness and multi-layered nature of the research conducted in Research Booklet , as well as the analyses presented in Analysys Booklet , are particularly noteworthy. Their scope, quality of execution, and the author's unique graphic method of presentation may serve as an exemplary model.

The graphic design is outstanding and, while maintaining an original authorial style, communicates ideas in a highly vivid and expressive manner. The student employs a distinctive visual language that enhances the conveyed content and creatively relates to the topics under discussion.

Urban Design

The urban structure of the housing development has been shaped in a highly original and individual manner, skillfully combining historical precedents with contemporary architectural thinking. The hierarchy of public and semi-private spaces is clearly articulated and easily understandable.

The only point that raises some questions is the form of the main public spaces. It seems that their boundaries could be more clearly defined through a greater diversity of functions and building scales.

Functionality

The apartment layouts leave a slight sense of insufficiency. They are rather conventional and somewhat spacious considering the large number of intended users. While the living areas are appropriately dimensioned and proportioned, the bedrooms appear excessively large, which contradicts the principles of efficiency that should constitute a key aspect of social housing design. By optimizing the apartment layouts, it would be possible to provide significantly more housing units while maintaining the same architectural character, functionality, and material consumption.

Architectural Design and Detail

The treatment of the façades and architectural detailing constitutes a creative response to the conducted analyses. The use of historically inspired forms appears justified and appropriate.


Summary

The analytical part of the project reveals the student's exceptional talent for critical observation and comprehensive analysis of architecture and building complexes. These analyses are of a quality that merits publication, wider dissemination, and further development. The student also demonstrates a strong ability to work with urban structures of her own design. The architectural solutions applied to the residential units are somewhat less compelling, but they remain well designed and thoughtfully developed. Topics for thesis defence:
  1. Which of the studied historical elements have the greatest potential for creative contemporary reinterpretation, considering current functional needs and technological possibilities? Please, justify your opinion.
Points proposed by reviewer: 95

Grade proposed by reviewer: A

Responsibility: Mgr. et Mgr. Hana Odstrčilová