Master's Thesis

Smart meters – local reading

Final Thesis 24.68 MB Appendix 74.68 kB

Author of thesis: BEng. Adetutu Abayomi

Acad. year: 2025/2026

Supervisor: doc. Ing. Petr Mlýnek, Ph.D.

Reviewer: Ing. David Kohout, Ph.D.

Abstract:

This thesis discusses the technical foundations and practical implementation of local data exchange in smart metering systems, addressing a critical requirement for consumer data rights and legal metrology compliance within the modern Smart Grid infrastructure. The study focuses on local reading technologies, detailing the architectural roles of the Optical Port interface (IEC 62056-21) and the Home Area Network (HAN) RS-485 interface as the two primary local communication channels available on residential smart meters deployed in the Czech Republic. The work systematically analyses the DLMS/COSEM protocol suite, demonstrating how its three-tiered structure -- COSEM object modelling with OBIS addressing, DLMS application layer messaging, and HDLC data link transport -- facilitates secure, bidirectional communication over short-range physical media. The Application Association (AA) establishment procedure and the standardised retrieval of metrological data, including instantaneous registers and load profiles, are detailed and validated using the Gurux DLMS Framework connected to a commercial Meter & Control ST402D smart meter. A Smart Meter Monitor desktop application was designed and implemented to receive, decode, and store DLMS/COSEM push messages transmitted autonomously by the meter over the RS-485 HAN interface at 60-second intervals. The application persists all decoded register values in a local SQLite database and provides an analytical dashboard with six validated use case scenarios covering daily energy consumption monitoring, multi-period comparison, tariff distribution analysis, three-phase load balance assessment, peak load identification, and long-term energy overview for prosumer installations. Utilizing both experiments of emulated data sets and real-time measurement sessions validated the complete data pipeline from physical meter register through APDU push transmission to SQLite storage and analytical display. All 27 COSEM register objects defined in the Push Setup object list were successfully decoded on every push cycle. The results demonstrate that standardised local access technologies are key enabling factors for consumer empowerment, providing on-site measurement and monitoring capabilities that support transparency and informed energy management without dependence on utility back-end systems.

Keywords:

Smart Meter, DLMS/COSEM, HAN interface, RS-485, push communication, OBIS, local meter reading, Java, data visualisation, energy monitoring, SQLite, HDLC, application association, tariff analysis, CSV, real-time measurement, GURUX.

Date of defence

09.06.2026

Result of the defence

Defended (thesis was successfully defended)

znamkaCznamka

Grading

C

Process of defence

Student presented the results of her thesis and the committee got familiar with reviewer's report. Student defended her Diploma Thesis with reservations. and answered the questions from the members of the committee and the reviewer

Language of thesis

English

Faculty

Department

Study programme

Communications and Networking (MPAD-CAN)

Composition of Committee

prof. Ing. Zdeněk Smékal, CSc. (předseda)
doc. Ing. Ivo Lattenberg, Ph.D. (místopředseda)
doc. Ing. Lukáš Malina, Ph.D. (člen)
Ing. Štěpán Miklánek, Ph.D. (člen)
Ing. Jiří Přinosil, Ph.D. (člen)
Ing. Adrián Tomašov, Ph.D. (člen)
Ing. et Ing. Petr Musil (člen)
Ing. Filip Wagner (člen)

Supervisor’s report
doc. Ing. Petr Mlýnek, Ph.D.

I consider the assignment to be complete. The student has created a fully functional smart meter monitor application that can read, decode, store and visualise DLMS data from the smart meter's HAN interface. Verification was performed on one type of smart meter only. However, when the meter was changed, altering the DLMS objects and other parameters, the application became less universal. I would have expected at least a proposal for abstraction, or a comparison with data from other types of smart meter.
While the resulting application interface fulfils the assignment requirements, it is not user-friendly, lacking interactivity, user-friendliness and dashboard design. I also missed an advanced security analysis and practical proposals for securing the HAN interface of smart meters.
First benefit is the practical application, which was tested on a real smart meter. Second benefit is the proposed lab assignment, which is also functional and usable.
The student was consistently, regularly and enthusiastically involved throughout the semester. However, she lacked independence, requiring everything to be laid out and specified in precise detail. From the perspective of the subsequent master's programme, a deeper knowledge of the subject matter was expected.
While the scope of the work and its technical level are sufficient, the work is overly descriptive, with some sections adding no value (e.g. the theoretical section). The length of the thesis (128 pages) is also excessive and unnecessary.
Taking the above into account, as well as some minor shortcomings, I am giving this work a grade of 79/C. Points proposed by supervisor: 79

Grade proposed by supervisor: C

Reviewer’s report
Ing. David Kohout, Ph.D.

The student addressed the topic of local smart meter reading and developed a desktop application for acquiring, processing, and visualizing data obtained from smart meters using the DLMS/COSEM standard. The work also includes a laboratory task for Master's students. I appreciate the detailed design process and the description of the application's use-case scenarios. The implementation of DLMS Push communication was successfully demonstrated with a suitable electricity meter and appears to function correctly.

While the thesis provides a comprehensive overview of the topic, several parts of both the theoretical and practical sections are unnecessarily detailed and offer limited added value. Given the length of 128 pages, reducing the level of detail in selected sections would improve readability without reducing the technical quality of the work. The use of literature is generally at a good level, with 51 sources, including scientific publications, standards, and legislative documents. However, several bibliography entries lack complete citation information (e.g., DOI identifiers). The formal quality of the thesis is generally acceptable, although several table captions are incorrectly placed below the tables (e.g., 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.4, and 4.3), and some figures (e.g., 4.1) would benefit from a larger format.

From a technical perspective, I have several comments. The application could benefit from demonstration datasets that would allow users to evaluate its functionality without access to a compatible smart meter. Some implementation details do not fully correspond to the actual code, particularly in Section 4.5.2 and the description of the OBIS parser component. Furthermore, the communication parameters listed in Section 6.2 do not correspond to standardized DLMS addressing, and Section 6.3 contains inconsistent descriptions of DLMS Push communication, where AARQ/AARE association establishment is correctly described as unnecessary but subsequently presented as a mandatory part of the communication procedure.

Despite the above-mentioned shortcomings, the thesis fulfills its objectives. The student successfully analyzed local smart meter communication technologies, implemented a functional application for DLMS Push data acquisition and visualization, performed measurements using a real smart meter, and prepared educational materials for laboratory instruction. The practical contribution of the work is evident, although several technical and documentation issues reduce the overall quality of the final result.

Therefore, I recommend the thesis for defense and propose the grade C / 78 points. Topics for thesis defence:
  1. Why was JavaFX selected as the graphical user interface framework instead of a web-based solution that would be more easily accessible across devices and operating systems? Did you consider using the .NET version of the Gurux library?
  2. Can users define their own tariff structures and electricity prices, or is the in-application calculation limited to a fixed predefined tariff model?
  3. Would it be beneficial to split the application into two parts, one responsible for data collection (console application) and the other for data visualization? Why was it designed as a single application rather than separating data collection and data visualization into independent components?
  4. The implementation supports only Mode E communication and Public client access. How difficult would it be to extend the application to support additional communication modes (such as IEC 62056-21 Mode C) for the optical interface and authenticated DLMS client roles with proper message security?
Points proposed by reviewer: 78

Grade proposed by reviewer: C

Responsibility: Mgr. et Mgr. Hana Odstrčilová