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Master's Thesis
Author of thesis: Bc. et Bc. David Kamenský
Acad. year: 2025/2026
Supervisor: Ing. Pavel Loučka, Ph.D.
Reviewer: Mgr. Jana Procházková, Ph.D.
This master's thesis, developed in collaboration with ERA a.s., addresses the challenge of precise target localisation in three-dimensional space using passive multilateration systems that rely on the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) of signals at multiple sensors. The core mathematical difficulty involves solving a system of non-linear equations, which this work approaches by transforming them into a system of three quadrics (3Q3). The research evaluates several established algorithms, benchmarking them for accuracy, numerical stability, and computational efficiency. The Efficient 3Q3 (E3Q3) solver is identified as the most suitable baseline, as its non-iterative nature allows it to operate two to four orders of magnitude faster than competing methods while maintaining high accuracy. To overcome numerical instabilities caused by measurement errors, we propose the Modified E3Q3 (ME3Q3) algorithm. This method utilises the unscented transform to deterministically shift TDOA vectors via sigma points, significantly improving reliability. Results indicate that while ME3Q3 offers a major stability leap in 3×TDOA scenarios, its improvement in 2×TDOA cases (utilising a substitute sphere) is more incremental. Additionally, the thesis explores various error estimation techniques to effectively select the best candidate from multiple potential intersection points.
Multilateration Systems, Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA), Quadrics, Homotopy continuation, Resultant, E3Q3 Solver, Numerical Stability, Unscented Transform, Hyperboloids
Date of defence
08.06.2026
Result of the defence
Defended (thesis was successfully defended)
Grading
A
Process of defence
Student prezentoval práci, školitel přečetl svůj posudek, byl přečten posudek oponenta. K otázkám oponentky: Která metoda byla použita k hledání polynomu osmého stupně vzniklého v solveru E3Q3 a proč? - NumPy metoda roots, protože je velmi dobře zavedená a otestovaná. Vysvětlit geometrické pozadí konstrukce trojúhelníku a odhad chyby - názorně vysvětleno. Může být metoda nasazena v praxi, když byla data k testování generována uměle? Ano a bude testována i na reálných datech. dr.Rozehnalová - Nově zkonstruované odhady v TDOA metodě jsou aproximace? prof.Lomtatidze - Jak je to se stabilitou? Vše zodpovězeno.
Language of thesis
English
Faculty
Fakulta strojního inženýrství
Department
Institute of Mathematics
Study programme
Mathematical Engineering (N-MAI-P)
Composition of Committee
doc. Mgr. Petr Vašík, Ph.D. (předseda) doc. RNDr. Martin Kolář, Ph.D. (místopředseda) prof. Aleksandre Lomtatidze, DrSc. (člen) Ing. Ivan Eryganov, Ph.D. (člen) Ing. Petra Rozehnalová, Ph.D. (člen)
Supervisor’s reportIng. Pavel Loučka, Ph.D.
Grade proposed by supervisor: A
Reviewer’s reportMgr. Jana Procházková, Ph.D.
Grade proposed by reviewer: A
Responsibility: Mgr. et Mgr. Hana Odstrčilová