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Master's Thesis
Author of thesis: Ing. Jan Radil
Acad. year: 2025/2026
Supervisor: doc. Ing. David Nečas, Ph.D.
Reviewer: doc. Ing. Zdeněk Horák, Ph.D.
Current joint replacements are subjected to long-term mechanical loading, which leads to wear of the contact surfaces and gradual degradation of the implants. One promising approach to improving their tribological properties is the use of 3D printed metal matrix composites reinforced with 2D nanomaterials. The aim of this master’s thesis was to analyse the friction and lubrication mechanisms of these composites and to assess their potential for application in next-generation joint replacements. Friction experiments were performed on 3D printed CoCrMo alloy samples containing Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene nanoparticles in “pin-on-plate” and “pin-on-disc” configurations. The experiments were complemented by surface topography analysis, observation of lubricant film formation in the contact using fluorescence microscopy, and wear analysis. The key finding of this thesis was the significant reduction in volumetric material loss observed in composite samples. At concentrations of 0.5 and 1 wt.%, wear was reduced by approximately 66–73% compared to the reference sample without the additive. At the same time, it was found that the addition of Ti₃C₂Tₓ nanosheets affected the frictional behavior of the composite mainly through changes in surface topography and lubricant film formation. The most pronounced reduction in the coefficient of friction was observed at lower nanoparticle concentrations, whereas a higher additive content led to increased surface roughness and reduced frictional stability. With increasing nanoparticle concentration, the fluorescence intensity in the contact also increased, indicating a greater presence of the lubricating layer. However, this effect was not sufficient to compensate for the negative influence of increased surface roughness. The obtained results demonstrated the substantial potential of 3D printed metal matrix composites reinforced with 2D nanomaterials for the future development of next-generation joint replacements. Within the tested range, concentrations of 0.5 and 1 wt.% Ti₃C₂Tₓ appeared to be the most favourable, with the achieved reduction in wear indicating that this approach may represent an important step towards extending the service life of joint replacements. A key prerequisite for further development remains the targeted optimization of nanoparticle concentration and control of surface topography.
2D nanomaterials, MXenes, metal matrix composites, joint replacement, coefficient of friction, lubricant film formation, surface wear
Date of defence
16.06.2026
Date of publish
16.06.2027
Result of the defence
Defended (thesis was successfully defended)
Grading
A
Process of defence
Student prezentoval výsledky své diplomové práce a zodpověděl otázky oponenta. Otázka oponenta 1: V podkapitole 6.1.4 uvádíte, že snížení opotřebení u měkkého kontaktního páru je pravděpodobně způsobeno mechanickým zpevněním kovové matrice kompozitu pomocí 2D nanomateriálu, a nikoliv tvorbou tribofilmu. Jelikož tato data v práci chybí, navrhněte konkrétní metodiku a experimenty, kterými byste hypotézu o zpevnění matrice objektivně ověřil. ZODPOVĚZENO Otázka oponenta 2: Jedním z cílů práce bylo zhodnotit rizika inovativního řešení. Ve studii zmiňujete možnou biologickou nekompatibilitu částic (podkapitola 6.1.2). Jaká další rizika, například spojená se samotnou technologií aditivní výroby LPBF při inkorporaci Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXenů, by mohla bránit nasazení těchto kompozitů v klinické praxi? ZODPOVĚZENO doc. Horák: Jsou MXeny zdravotně nezávadné? ZODPOVĚZENO doc. Mazůrek: Není hmotnostní koncentrace příliš nízká? ZODPOVĚZENO doc. Mazůrek: Je zvolené zatížení relevantní? ZODPOVĚZENO prof. Vimmr: Jaký byste očekával vliv proměnného zatížení? ZODPOVĚZENO dr. Dočkal proč jste nepoužil nižší koncentraci? ZODPOVĚZENO doc. Koutný: Co způsobuje narůst drsnosti povrchu? Pozoroval jste nějaký typ charakteristických defektů? ZODPOVĚZENO doc. Mazůrek: Jak se liší teplota tání použitých materiálů? ZODPOVĚZENO
Language of thesis
Czech
Faculty
Fakulta strojního inženýrství
Department
Institute of Machine and Industrial Design
Study programme
Mechanical Engineering Design (N-KSI-P)
Composition of Committee
prof. Ing. Martin Hartl, Ph.D. (předseda) doc. Ing. Daniel Koutný, Ph.D. (místopředseda) doc. Ing. Ivan Mazůrek, CSc. (člen) doc. Ing. Pavel Maňas, Ph.D. (člen) doc. Ing. Zdeněk Horák, Ph.D. (člen) Ing. Aleš Dočkal, Ph.D. (člen) prof. Ing. Jan Vimmr, Ph.D. (člen)
Supervisor’s reportdoc. Ing. David Nečas, Ph.D.
Grade proposed by supervisor: A
Reviewer’s reportdoc. Ing. Zdeněk Horák, Ph.D.
Grade proposed by reviewer: A
Reasons for publication postponement
The publication of a master’s thesis is in compliance with the provisions of Section 47b (4) of Act No. 111/1998 Coll., on Higher Education Institutions, postponed. The reason for the postponement of publication is that the thesis contains parts of the results that are part of a prepared scientific publication in an impacted journal, and their early publication could be considered plagiarism by the journal.
Responsibility: Mgr. et Mgr. Hana Odstrčilová