Course detail
Applied Thermomechanics
FSI-9ATHAcad. year: 2023/2024
Introduction. Ideal gas. Mixtures of Gases. The First Law of Thermodynamics (general form) - heat, work, internal energy, enthalpy. The Second Law of thermodynamics, entropy. Reversible and irreversible processes. Joule Thompson effect. Heat cycles. The thermodynamics of vapour. Vapour tables and diagrams (construction). The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation. Thermodynamic processes in vapours. Moist air. Definitive quantities, tables. Mollierův diagram (construction). Isobaric arrangements of air, evaporation from a free surface. Thermodynamics of flow of gases and vapors. Adiabatic flow through nozzles (computational and real conditions). The cycles of heat gas and heat steam engines. Compressors. The cycles of cooling devices and heat pumps. Fundamentals of heat transfer. Stationary and transient heat conduction, internal sources. Heat transfer by convection, similarity theory. Overall heat transfer, heat exchangers. Heat transfer by radiation.
Language of instruction
Mode of study
Guarantor
Department
Entry knowledge
Rules for evaluation and completion of the course
The presence will not be checked.
Aims
Students will acquire skills to carry out technical computation in the area of thermodynamics and heat transfer : Computation of heat engines and cooling systems. Heat balance of material and machine systems, in gases, vapors, buildings and technological processes.
Study aids
Prerequisites and corequisites
Basic literature
Incropera, F. P., DeWitt D. P., Bergman, T. L., Lavine, A. S.: Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. 6th Edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2006. (EN)
Recommended reading
Kreith, F., Bohn, M. S.: Principles of heat transfer. 6.vydání, Brooks/Cole, 2001. (EN)
Latif M. Jiji: Heat Transfer Essentials. Begell House; 2 edition, 2002. (EN)
Moran, M. J.: Fundamentals of engineering thermodynamics. 7th ed. Hoboken: Wiley, 2011. (EN)
Classification of course in study plans
Type of course unit
Lecture
Teacher / Lecturer
Syllabus
The First Law of Thermodynamics and its mathematical forms (general form). Heat, volume and technical work, internal energy, enthalpy.
Reversible processes in ideal gases, changes of quantities of state, heat calculation, calculations of internal energy, enthalpy, of volume and technical work, p-v diagrams.
Heat cycles, thermal efficiency, work. The Carnot cycle. The Second Law of Thermodynamics, entropy and general equations for entropy changes. Reversible processes and the Carnot cycle in a T-s diagram. The reversed and irreversible Carnot cycle. Irreversible processes in technical practice. Joule Thompson effect.
Van der Waals equations of state for real gases. The thermodynamics of vapour, p-v, T-s and h-s diagrams and vapour tables. Construction of diagrams. The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation. Thermodynamic processes in vapours, changes in quantities of state, heat calculation, calculations of internal energy, enthalpy, of volume and technical work.
Thermodynamics of moist air. The definition of humidity and enthalpy of humid air, the Mollier diagram (construction). Cooling, heating, mixing and increasing the humidity of air, adiabatic evaporation from a free surface. Psychrometers.
The First Law of Thermodynamics for an open system and its equations. Continuity and Bernoulli’s equations. The Prandtl tube, the speed of sound, the Mach number. Isentropic flow of an ideal gas and steam through a narrowing opening and the Laval nozzle and their calculation. The Laval nozzle with various input conditions and the effect of back pressure.
The cycles of heat gas and heat steam engines. Combustion engines, gas turbines, reaction engines.
The Rankin-Clausius cycle. Compressors. The cycles of cooling devices and heat pumps.
Heat transfer by conduction. 3D differential equations for stationary and transient heat conduction with an internal source using Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates. Heat and temperature conductivity. Stationary heat conduction through a planar and cylindrical single- and multiple-layer wall.
Heat transfer by convection. The Navier-Stokes equation, equations for the boundary condition. The Similarity Theory in heat convection. Derivation of the criteria of similarity. Criterion equations for natural and forced convection.
Stationary overall heat transfer through a planar or cylindrical single- or multiple-layer wall. Heat exchangers, the mean temperature logarithmic gradient, algorithms for calculation.
Heat transfer by radiation. The basic laws (Kirchhoff’s First and Second Law, Planck’s Law, the Stefan-Boltzman Law, Wien’s Law). Radiation between two parallel walls and between mutually surrounding surfaces.