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PREVENTING OR RESPONDING EFFECTIVELY TO INAPPROPRIATE BEHAVIOUR IS FUNDAMENTAL TO ENSURING A SAFE ENVIRONMENT ON CAMPUS.
Violations of personal dignity (discrimination, aggression, bullying, intimidation, abuse of position, sexual harassment and other forms of harassment).
In Czech legislation, discrimination is prohibited in the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms. Furthermore, in Act No. 198/2009 Coll. commonly known as the "Anti-discrimination Act" or in the Criminal Code.
Only those unlawful acts that are designated as criminal by law may be designated as a criminal offence. They cannot be so defined by the police, a judge or anyone else. The Criminal Law then enumerates the various offences and sets out the specific characteristics they must meet.
It is also necessary to distinguish offences from criminal offences, which may in some cases be similar in nature but are less socially dangerous.
Direct discrimination means that one person is treated less favourably than another in a comparable situation because of, for example, race, ethnic origin, nationality, religion, gender, disability, age or sexual orientation. This could be, for example, the pay gap between men and women, or differences in culture and religion.
Indirect discrimination is behaviour that treats someone less favourably on the basis of a criterion that is apparently neutral.
Sexual harassment - Harassment can take many different forms, from verbal to written language, gestures or behavior, but must be sufficiently severe to create an intimidating, humiliating or offensive atmosphere. There is no need to be afraid to hold the door or help a woman (or man) into a coat, as some people fear under the influence of media scandals. Sexual coercion can be specific, where some advantage is directly linked to some form of sexual cooperation.
Bullying can be perpetrated by colleagues (individual or group) through a repeated and deliberate process of excluding a person from the team, ridiculing and humiliating them.
In professional terminology, such behaviour is referred to as mobbing (not replying to greetings, contemptuous looks, regular gossiping, criticism and denigration by superiors/colleagues).
If such behaviour is perpetrated by the boss of the person concerned, it is referred to as bossing (e.g. excessive checking of performance of duties or attendance, unjustified threats of dismissal, assignment of overly complex tasks (for which the subordinate is not qualified or is unqualified), preventing access to information, e.g. from superiors, which leads to uninformation, etc.).
Bullying is characterised by premeditation; regular repetition; disproportionate force; obvious aggressiveness; the victim experiences unpleasant so-called fun.
Examples of bullying:
Physical: These include attacks such as punching, kicking, groping, excessive physical proximity, holding, pushing, shoving, throwing objects, stealing.
Verbal: It can be done by addressing the person directly (usually insults, humiliation, intimidation or threats), but also, for example, via the internet (social networks). Slander, gossip and rumour-mongering are also considered bullying.
Covert: Various ways of nonverbally implying that a person is undesirable or inferior. This can take the form of hostile stares, exclusion from a group, etc.
STALKING is a type of inappropriate behaviour that manifests itself in the perpetrator (the English term stalker) targeting a person (his/her victim) who does not care about his/her interest and constantly and for a long time harasses and annoys him/her (unsolicited text messages, emails, social networks, phone calls, unwanted attention), violating his/her personal freedom. He/she may even threaten her/him and create a feeling of fear.
Stalking has been a crime in the Czech Republic since 2010 and is qualified under Section 354 as dangerous persecution. If the victim is in danger, he or she can also apply for short-term police protection
Trestní řád – Code of Criminal Procedure (141/1961 Sb.)Trestní zákoník – Criminal Code (40/2009 Sb.)Manifestations of stalking
The stalker may not be easily identifiable and may appear to be a perfectly normal person socially, who even those closest to him may not know that he is, (for example, harassing another person).
The personal boundaries of each person (perpetrator and victim) in such a situation can be very different, so that what is a completely innocent joke for one person can be a long term stress for another.
The victim of bullying is at a disadvantage and may find it difficult to defend themselves. However, it is difficult to prove that it was not a prank and that it was really serious bullying.
Responsibility: Ing. Bohdana Šlégrová