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Original title in Czech: Fyzikální a materiálové inženýrstvíFSIAbbreviation: D3914-01Acad. year: 2008/2009Specialisation: Physical Engineering
Programme: Physical and Materials Engineering
Length of Study: 4 years
Accredited from: Accredited until: 27.2.2009
Profile
The curriculum concentrates on the comprehensive study of materials properties and failure processes from the point of view of physics and physical metallurgy. Students should develop capability to apply their knowledge in inventive manner to new technologies and materials, such as plasma spraying, special methods of thermo-mechanical and thermo-chemical treatment, etc. Special attention is paid to the degradation processes and to the synergetic effects of various materials properties on material failure. The subjects of study are metallic and non-metallic materials, e.g., structural ceramics, polymers, amorphous and nanocrystalline materials and intermetallics. The Ph.D. programme requires proficiency in mathematics and physics at the MSc. degree level obtained from Faculty of Science or Faculty of Mechanical Engineering.
Issued topics of Doctoral Study Program
Ab initio calculations of atomic structures on metal surfaces, comparison with STM/STS techniques.
Supervisor: Šikola Tomáš, prof. RNDr., CSc.
Ab initio calculations of atomic structures on semiconductor surfaces, comparison with STM/STS techniques.
Supervisor: Dub Petr, prof. RNDr., CSc.
The LIBS technique utilizes the high power-densities obtained by focusing the radiation from a pulsed laser to generate in the focal region a luminous micro-plasma from an analyte. The micro-plasma emission is subsequently analyzed by spectrometer. The plasma composition is representative to the analyte's elemental composition. LIBS allows to reach high spatial (limited by the size of the laser beam diameter) and depth resolution (in the range of about some tens of nanometers). Detection limits are in the range of few tens particles per million. In the frame of the dissertation work LIBS technique will be applied for selected industrial and biological samples and the detection limits for the elements of interest will be established.
Supervisor: Kaiser Jozef, prof. Ing., Ph.D.
- depth distribution of composition of thin flims by means of AR XPS.
- Study of local anodic oxidation (LAO) by AFM - Application of AFM in fabrication of masks and grids for nanoelectronics and nanophotonics
- Generation and detection of plasmon polaritons in metal thin films and nanostructures - Study of propagation of plasmon polaritons on surfaces of these objects and their application (e.g. in nanosensors)
- Fabrication of plasmonic nanoantennas and a study of their influence on local excitation of electromagnetic. radiation - Application of plasmonic nanoantennas in local excitation of photoluminescence
- development of AFM/STM method, - simulation of interaction between the AFM tip and surface
Supervisor: Spousta Jiří, prof. RNDr., Ph.D.
- development and testing of UHV compatible AFM/STM apparatus.
- development and testing of UHV compatible AFM/STM apparatus, - nucleation sites studies of thin films mechanisms
- application of AFM/STM for nanotechnologies
The aim of this work is to gain new results in the research field of limit states of crystalline solids and to contribute to understanding of their mechanical properties under various loading conditions. For this purpose, theoretical strengths in tension, compression and shear for selected metallic materials will be computed from first principles and using semi-empirical methods. Linear Muffintin Orbitals method and more advanced Linearized Augmented Plane Waves method without shape-approximation of crystal potential (so-called full-potential version) will be used in order to calculate electronic structure of the selected materials. Good conditions for study as well as for research work (new PC cluster) are prepared and supported by the research project Simulation modeling of mechatronic systems and a COST grant with a wide international cooperation.
Supervisor: Šandera Pavel, prof. RNDr., CSc.
The LIBS technique utilizes the high power-densities obtained by focusing the radiation from a pulsed laser to generate in the focal region a luminous micro-plasma from an analyte. The micro-plasma emission is subsequently analyzed by spectrometer. The plasma composition is representative to the analyte's elemental composition. LIBS allows to reach high spatial (limited by the size of the laser beam diameter) and depth resolution (in the range of about some tens of nanometers). Detection limits are in the range of few tens ppm; for several elements even lower limits could be realized combining LIBS and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS) techniques. In the dissertation work the automatization of the LIBS and LIBS+LIFS setups will be addressed. A computer code should be worked out for controlling all equipments and allowing automatic 2D and quasi-3D analysis of sample chemical composition. The function of automatized setups will be verified on selected samples.
Rigorous and efficient computational methods for modelling of the light propagation are of fundamental importance in the analysis and the design of new photonic devices. Bi-directional mode expansion and propagation method (BEP) is one of the most accurate methods when modelling of 2D and 3D linear structures. The main objectives of the project are as follows. Investigation of the possibility to extend common formulation of BEP that is currently used at the Institute of Physical Engineering in order to be applicable to model nonlinear interactions in 2D devices, namely, the method should include Kerr nonlinearity. Development of software. Application of the software to modelling of modern photonic components for all-optical systems.
Supervisor: Petráček Jiří, prof. RNDr., Dr.
- calculation is based on the kinematic theory of the light scattering by a specimen - scattering of higher orders has to be considered for the description of the microscope characteristics - numerical simulation of the light pass through the specimen and the optical system of the microscope will be the part of the work
Supervisor: Chmelík Radim, prof. RNDr., Ph.D.
- algorithms for alignment, control and image processing of reflected-light digital holographic microscope - applications especially for surface observation and measurement
- theoretical analysis of the influence of illumination on imaging of different types of specimenns - optical design, optimization, realization and experimental verification of the computer controlled illumination system for routine optical microscpes
- Study of the influence of impurities on the formation of crystal defects - Study of the influence of crystal growth conditions on the formation of crystal defects - Computer simulations of defect distribution in Si crystals - Development of methods of control of defect formation in Si crystals
Development and application of an UHV apparatus for deposition of thin films by means of direct ion beams.
Development and application of ellipsometry for in situ monitoring of thin films deposition under UHV conditions, part I.
Development and application of an UHV apparatus for deposition of thin films by means of direct ion beams, part II.
The target of the thesis is a development of a compact facility enabling a measurement of basic topography parameters of surfaces generated by mechanical engineering technologies within the range of their micro geometry. The solution of the thesis is a continuation of the GA ČR 101/01/1104 project results. The following set up can be the solution sought: The basic part of the microscope is an interferometer the object arm of which contains a microscope objective. The multi wavelength laser is assumed as a light source. The hologram of the surface under study is created and recorded by a CCD camera in the output plane of the microscope. This procedure is performed step by step with two appropriately selected wavelengths of the light used. Reconstruction of the superimposed holograms is carried out by a computer. Topography parameters are determined from the shape of interference fringes in the reconstructed image of the surface.
Supervisor: Ohlídal Miloslav, prof. RNDr., CSc.
Light waves can interact only by means of nonlinearities of the propagation medium and that is why nonlinear optics will play key role in development of new building blocks for all-optical systems. The project should continue in the recent research on rigorous numerical simulation of linear and nonlinear devices and focuses on efficient modelling of optical interactions in Kerr-nonlinear media. A suitable method will be selected (e.g. finite-difference time-domain method or numerical solution of coupled nonlinear Schrődinger equations) and computer program will be created. The software will be used for modelling of potential applications of nonlinear waveguides.
Development and application of ellipsometry for in situ monitoring of thin films deposition under UHV conditions, part II. - development and testing of an apparatus for spectroscopic ellipsometry - band structure and electrical behaviour of solids by use of ellipsometry measurements
The target of thesis is: a) To obtain experimental data describing the light scattering from technically important surfaces (e.g. from surfaces of subsystems of solar cells, from surfaces of automobile headlights reflectors etc.) and to study a relation between these data and the technology of the surface preparation. b) To interpret the results obtained within the framework of known theories of light scattering from surfaces.
Searching for interconnections between technically important macroscopic material parameters and their microscopic and atomistic structure is presently one of very important directions in solid state physics and material research. Deeper understanding to relation of macroscopic parameters of matter and its structure helps us to obtain further knowledge, necessary for discovering materials with better parameters. Aim of this work is to get new results in the field of study of mechanical properties of crystalline solids with regard to possible variability of their atomic structure. For this purpose, calculations based on first principles i.e. fundamental quantum theory based on density functional theory will be performed using computational systems Wien2k and VASP.
Supervisor: Pokluda Jaroslav, prof. RNDr., CSc.
Photopolymerization causes polymerization of liquid monomer by illumination with a wavelength. The goal of the Ph.D. work will be mastering of the photopolymerization process of various monomers (resins), building up an experimental set-up with scanning focused laser beam and manufacturing of various photopolymerized structures with it. The next step will be large-scale photopolymerization and its combination with multiple optical tweezers fixing microobjects in space during the process. Position and refractive index of microobjects will determine the optical properties of formed layers. Within the Ph.D. studies the student will work in the laboratories of the Institute of Scientific Instruments (ISI) with all the necessary equipments. The group of Optical micro-manipulation techniques from ISI co-operates with many laboratories abroad which offers to successful candidate stays abroad and fast professional growth.
Supervisor: Zemánek Pavel, prof. RNDr., Ph.D.
- mathematical methods of analysis of the image produced by the optical microscope with the illumination system controlled by a computer - 3D imaging by means of the rotational paralax and tilted projections, adaptive illumination
- three-dimensional holographic reconstruction of a specimen - optical sectionning of a specimen
Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD) of thin films Co, Ni, NiN, AlN, Si3N4, C3N4 , part I.
Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD) of thin films ZrO2, HfO2, Al2O3, hydroxylapatite ..., part II.
- development of an UHV apparatus for LEED measurements - applications for structure analysis of surfaces Si, Ga, GaN, ...
- Development of the methods of manipulation/formation of nanofibres (e.g. C60) between segments of nanoelectrodes - Measurement of electrical transport properties of nanofibres
Experimental methods of fracture toughness evaluation of composite materials arising from ceramic laminates. Suggestion of suitable sample geometry for tests of interface strength, development of reproducible test methodology including results interpretation. Comparisons of flexural strength and fracture mechanics parameters for selected experimental materials for transparent armours, functionally gradient structural ceramics and advanced laminates with ceramic and composite layers. Modelling of fracture behaviour and fracture trajectory, model verification, design of mechanically optimised composite. Collaboration with Materials Science Centre Leoben is supposed.
Supervisor: Dlouhý Ivo, prof. Ing., CSc.
Modelling and simulation of ion - solid interactions: - study of scattering mechanism of ionic projectiles from solid surfaces in the energy range of hundred eV, - application for structure determination and composition of surfaces and thin films.
Modelling and simulation of ion - solid interactions: - study of the surface vibrations mechanism, - application of "Truncation Rod Scattering" method.
- matrix method for computations in electron optics - influence of tolerancing and 5th order aberrations - implementation of the differential algebra method for the computation of aberration coefficients of an arbitrary order
Supervisor: Lencová Bohumila, prof. RNDr., CSc.
- Study of the influence of substrates and deposition conditions on the growth of ultrathin films and nanostructures - Application of controlled self-assembly (e.g. of selective growth) in fabrication of masks and grids for nanoelectronics and nanophotonics
The main goal of the project is development of a cathodoluminescent method for the analysis of solids possessing a low-level cathodoluminescence. Attention will be focused both on the experimental and the interpretive problems of processing of the low-level cathodoluminescence being often weakened by the electron beam degradation of an analyzed material. The project includes the enhancement of the detection sensitivity, the minimization of optical losses, the application of both the synchronous and the pulse methods. Specimen adaptation for getting the high signal-to-noise ratio will be studied too. A unique experimental device can also be an essential project result.
Supervisor: Schauer Petr, RNDr., CSc.
The core of the project is to look for new and to optimize used scintillators and other components of a scintillation detector for the scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition to the study of scintillator cathodoluminescence properties, included are also the modeling and measurement of the signal transport through detection systems to find optimal types, materials, sizes and shapes of the component used, to detect imperfections of the scintillation system and to design changes resulting in increasing of the detection quantum efficiency (DQE). The main goal is to acquire the optimized detection system.
In a majority of structural components, the stress state is different from the homogeneous uniaxial tension or compression, typical for fatigue testing in laboratories. Therefore, biaxial fatigue tests start to be used more frequently in the last years. The analysis of fracture morphology by means of both the optical and the electron microscopy, belongs to the most important methods of fatigue damage investigation. Advanced methods as optical chromatography and stereophotogrammetry in SEM are used for a 3D reconstruction of the fracture microrelief. However, application of these methods to biaxial fracture surfaces is still in a pioneering stage. The aim of the work quantitative to the assessment of fracture surfaces obtained after combined bending-torsion fatigue tests. The experiments will be performed in the frame of extended international collaboration with the E.S.Institute of Materials Science in Leoben, Austria, the University of Opole, Poland and other universities in Europe
The main goal of the work is to advance our fundamental understanding of materials at their strength limits and to elucidate their mechanical properties under various loading conditions. For this purpose, the ideal tensile strength and the ideal strength at hydrostatic loading will be calculated from first principles for selected metallic materials (elemental metals, intermetallic compounds). From the behavior of total energies, it is possible to predict phase transformations to anither structures or to find new metastable structures.
Supervisor: Šob Mojmír, prof. RNDr., DrSc.
Raman microspectroscopy enables spatially resolved non-invasive mapping of molecular composition of the studied sample via the analysis of its vibrational optical spectra. The main goal of the proposed Ph.D. thesis theme is the set-up of experimental apparatus wich combines Raman microspectroscopy with other two optical tools - optical tweezers and optical scalpel. Within the Ph.D. thesis, the applicant is expected to perform experimental and theoretical research tasks at the Institute of Scientific Instruments (ISI) of the ASCR that can provide the necessary equipment and background. The ISI laboratory collaborates with a number of European laboratories in the field of optical trapping and spectroscopy; this provides successful applicant with the possibility of scientific visits abroad and fast professional growth.
In situ monitoring of processes on surfaces of solids and thin films by LEED.
- Application of a newly developed ultravacuum apparatus based on MBE and RHEED, for preparation of magnetic ultrathin films and nanostructures - Application of FIB, EBL and other methods for preparation of magnetic ultrathin films and nanostructures - Study of magnetic properties of ultrathin films and nanostructures
- Building an apparatus for the measurements of local and integral photoluminescence properties of nanostructures - Study of photoluminescence properties of nanostructures (ordered and disordered semiconductor/dielectric structures)
Special properties of Ni-Ti shape memory alloys (Nitinols) are studied only two laboratories in Prague, focused on the basic research of phase transformations. Only static, quasistatic and low-cycle fatigue properties are known from the world literature. There is a lack of data on the temperature dependence of high-cycle fatigue properties, which are important for a development of mechatronic actuators. The basic unit of unique experimental device is the temperature chamber TTC 4002 for measurement of the temperature dependence of elastic moduli and characteristics of internal friction. In the frame of the development of a mechatronic actuator, tests of shape-memory force effect and electrical resistance will be performed using Nitinol materials. The work is supported by the research plan Simulation modeling of mechatronic systems . An extended international collaboration is presumed including a participation at international scientific conferences.
Bell is a typical percussive musical instrument. Time variability of its sound connected with frequency variability creates intrinsic characteristic of the bell. Some preliminary measurements around the bell tower and testing some mathematical procedures for calculation of the time envelope of the signal were made in our laboratory [3]. In general, it is an analyse of transient behaviour, which we can observe e.g. for signals of violin tones representing basic techniques of string excitation (col legno, pizzicato, saltato, staccato), plucket instruments (guitar). The main topic of this work is a proposal of the suit mathematical techniques for time analyse of the frequency component of the microphone signal which should be used not only for sound of the bells. In addition, it is required to calculate the appropriate physical quantities for time dependency of the amplitude, phase and frequency, which are typical for the musical instrument and its quality.
Supervisor: Doložílek Miroslav, doc. RNDr., CSc.
- the basis of optical and mechanical design of the microscope will be the present version of the microscope (DHM2) - it will reflect new theoretical results, experience from the biological application of the previous microscope version and demands for simple, if possible automatic alignment of the device - software equipment for image processing ang microscope control will be the part of the microscope
Methods, which enable to display the entire 3D structure of the studied object non-destructively are intensively studied in many scientific and industrial branches. Up to now, for the practical use, the (computed) tomography i.e. a method that gathers 3D information by reconstruction from 2D projections is mostly employed. Computed tomography (CT) has been widely extended in medical diagnostic. Moreover, especially the X-ray micro-CT has been applied in further important areas, such as machine design and diagnostics, biology, geophysics, archaeology and many others. It is obvious from above-mentioned examples, that qualitative and quantitative 3D visualization techniques based on tomographic reconstruction are intensively investigated worldwide. The topics of the dissertation work include study, application and improvements of absorption- and phase-contrast X-ray micro-CT techniques.
Study plan wasn't generated yet for this year.