Přístupnostní navigace
E-application
Search Search Close
Doctoral Thesis
Author of thesis: Ing. Lukáš Matějka
Acad. year: 2025/2026
Supervisor: doc. Ing. František Šoukal, Ph.D.
Reviewers: Assoc. Prof. Anatolijus Eisinas, PhD., prof. Dr. Ing. Martin Palou
The doctoral thesis focuses on the rising concentration of zinc in ordinary Portland cement (OPC) that impacts the behaviour of cement-based mortars by drastically prolonging setting time and decreasing early mechanical properties. The current theory behind the mechanism of the effect of this contaminant is the depletion of Ca2+ ions from pore solution and the formation of a semipermeable layer of CaZn2(OH)6∙2 H2O on the surface of silicate cement phases, thus retarding their hydration. One of the main solutions to retarded setting of cement-based binders in the industry is the addition of setting accelerators. These additives, commonly composed of chlorides, nitrates, thiocyanates and organic compounds, are widely used to counteract the low reactivity of SCMs, low temperatures and retarded setting in waste immobilisation. They differ in mechanism of action, effectiveness and application. The efficiency of these additives to compensate for the negative effects of zinc compounds on the properties of cement is not very well researched. The results presented in this work demonstrated varying effectiveness of both pure compounds and commercial accelerators at accelerating the hydration of zinc-contaminated OPC. Thiocyanates, which are commonly contained in commercial additives, caused further retardation of setting through destabilisation of ettringite by high alkali content and increased ionic strength of pore solution. This also resulted in a decrease in compressive strength. Pure nitrates outperformed commercial counterparts. They reduced the setting time of ZnO-OPC from around 180 hours to around 50 hours. The commercial nitrate-based additives reduced the setting time to only around 100 hours. Higher acceleration of setting also resulted in a visible improvement in mechanical properties. The effectiveness of setting the accelerator is heavily connected to the content of ettringite in the sample. All ineffective or detrimental additives had compromised the formation of ettringite in the samples. The best results were achieved by using formate salts. Calcium formate in higher doses reduced the setting time to a comparable timeframe of pure OPC, with visible improvement of compressive strength after 28 days of curing. This compound promotes the formation of ettringite, thus improving setting time and mechanical properties of the ZnO-OPC system.
Keywords: Portland cement, Zinc oxide, Hydration retardation, Setting accelerators, Thermal analysis, XRD, formate salts
Date of defence
22.06.2026
Result of the defence
Defended (thesis was successfully defended)
Process of defence
Předseda komise představil doktoranda a předal mu slovo. Obhajoba probíhala v angličtině. Ing. Matějka má určité pracovní zkušenosti - PROJEKCE IGEO, s.r.o., na dvou různých pozicích od června 2022 do května 2025. V akademickém roce 2021/2022 absolvoval půlroční zahraniční stáž na Clausthal University of Technology. Zúčastnil se celé řady konferencí v České republice a v zahraničí. Podílel se na několika projektech. Je spoluautorem několika publikací v impaktovaných časopisech. The committee chair introduced the doctoral student and gave him the floor. The defense was conducted in English. Ing. Matějka has some work experience – PROJEKCE IGEO, s.r.o., in two different positions from June 2022 to May 2025. In the academic year 2021/2022 he completed a six-month internship at Clausthal University of Technology. He attended a number of conferences in the Czech Republic and abroad. He was involved in several projects. He is a co-author of several publications in impact journals.
Language of thesis
English
Faculty
Fakulta chemická
Department
Institute of Materials Science
Study programme
Chemistry, Technology and Properties of Materials (DPCP_CHM_4_N)
Composition of Committee
doc. Ing. Lukáš Kalina, Ph.D. (předseda) prof. Ing. Jiří Zach, Ph.D. (člen) prof. Ing. Bedřich Smetana, Ph.D. (člen) prof. Dr. Ing. Martin Palou (člen) prof. Ing. Vlastimil Matějka, Ph.D. (člen) Assoc. Prof. Tadas Dambrauskas, PhD. (člen) Assoc. Prof. Anatolijus Eisinas, PhD. (člen)
Supervisor’s reportdoc. Ing. František Šoukal, Ph.D.
Reviewer’s reportAssoc. Prof. Anatolijus Eisinas, PhD.
Reviewer’s reportprof. Dr. Ing. Martin Palou
Responsibility: Mgr. et Mgr. Hana Odstrčilová