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Bachelor's Thesis
Author of thesis: Adrián Mičko
Acad. year: 2025/2026
Supervisor: Ing. Silvestr Vaculovič
Reviewer: doc. Ing. Jakub Arm, Ph.D.
This Bachelor's thesis deals with the design and implementation of a dialogue-based control system for a programmable logic controller using large language models. The main objective of the thesis is to create an architecture enabling an operator to issue control commands in natural language, which are subsequently interpreted by an agent layer and safely converted into deterministic operations in the PLC. The thesis describes the design of a two-domain architecture consisting of a Python API domain and a PLC domain on a Siemens S7-1500 device, interconnected via the OPC UA standard. The agent layer utilizes the GPT-4 Turbo and Claude models to extract the operator's intent and generate structured JSON output, which undergoes deterministic validation prior to transmission to the PLC. The thesis further analyses the risks of large language model hallucinations in an industrial environment and proposes a two-layer protection mechanism combining validation at the API level and saturation logic directly in the PLC. The functionality of the prototype was verified by testing on ten simulated pumps, including bulk control, status queries, and a voice interface.
large language models, LLM agent, PLC, OPC UA, dialogue control, industrial automation, natural language, Siemens S7-1500, hallucination reduction, OPC UA methods, OPC UA address space, bitmask, speed saturation, system prompt, deterministic validation, read-back, GPT-4 Turbo, bulk control
Date of defence
17.06.2026
Result of the defence
Defended (thesis was successfully defended)
Grading
B
Process of defence
Student obhájil bakalářskou práci. Komise neměla žádné námitky k řešené práci. V průběhu odborné rozpravy student odpověděl na dotazy oponenta týkající se odolnosti navrženého systému proti útokům typu prompt injection a možnosti provozu systému s LLM provozovaným lokálně. Student zodpověděl všechny otázky položené komisí.
Language of thesis
Slovak
Faculty
Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií
Department
Department of Control and Instrumentation
Study programme
Automation and Measurement (BPC-AMT)
Composition of Committee
doc. Ing. Zdeněk Slanina, Ph.D. (předseda) doc. Ing. Zdeněk Bradáč, Ph.D. (místopředseda) Ing. Karel Horák, Ph.D. (člen) Ing. Stanislav Pikula, Ph.D. (člen) Ing. Miloslav Richter, Ph.D. (člen)
Supervisor’s reportIng. Silvestr Vaculovič
Grade proposed by supervisor: B
Reviewer’s reportdoc. Ing. Jakub Arm, Ph.D.
Grade proposed by reviewer: C
Responsibility: Mgr. et Mgr. Hana Odstrčilová