Dissertation focuses on the comprehensive evaluation of asphalt binders and coarse asphalt mixtures. The first part of the study investigates the synergistic effects of combining polyphosphoric acid (PPA) and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) as modifier additives in asphalt binders, aiming to reduce the overall content of used modification and consequently lower emissions of the modified binder. The study examines whether the combination of modifiers can enhance binder stability at high temperatures, improve low-temperature properties, and increase resistance to aging. The research revealed that the modifications exhibit synergistic effects in some cases, providing performance benefits compared to their individual use. The second part of the dissertation focuses on the development and evaluation of the coarse-grained mixture ACP 32, with the aim of utilizing coarse aggregates and relieving industrial pressure on scarce aggregate fractions. The mixture variants were tested for stiffness modulus, fatigue characteristics, resistance to permanent deformation, and low-temperature resistance. The results demonstrated that the ACP 32 mixture can meet the requirements of Czech technical regulations for mixture ACP 22, enabling its classification among mixtures for base layers.