Daylighting is a critical component of the indoor environmental quality of buildings and is directly related to spatial usability as well as compliance with relevant building regulations. In urban residential buildings, daylighting performance is influenced not only by the geometric configuration of the building itself and the design of window openings, but also to a significant extent by obstruction effects arising from the surrounding built environment. Under these circumstances, assessing the daylighting performance of an identical residential design across different urban site conditions within a unified evaluation framework is of substantial importance for both practical design decision making and regulatory assessment.
This thesis adopts a four storey apartment building with a basement as the research object. While maintaining consistent floor layouts, spatial geometry, and optical parameters, external obstruction conditions associated with six representative urban sites are introduced as the primary variable for comparative analysis. Based on the Czech national standard ČSN 73 0580, daylight factor and daylight uniformity are employed as the core evaluation indicators to systematically assess daylight availability and spatial distribution characteristics across different functional spaces.
The results indicate that urban spatial openness and sky visibility are the principal factors driving differences in daylighting performance between sites. More open locations allow greater access to sky luminance and lead to higher indoor daylight levels, whereas sites with stronger urban obstruction tend to produce a more diffuse incident light field, resulting in improved spatial uniformity but constrained daylight levels. Different room types exhibit distinct responses to changes in site conditions. Deep plan living spaces show a high degree of sensitivity to variations in the surrounding environment, while bedroom spaces demonstrate greater stability across different locations. These findings confirm the buffering effect of building geometric scale, particularly room depth, in moderating the impact of urban environmental constraints on indoor daylighting performance.