1) Basic concepts of quantum and atomic physics. Schrödinger equation, particles and waves, potential wells and barriers, energy quantization, hydrogen atom, selected atomic properties.
2) Structure of solids. Crystalline solids, crystal lattice, crystal systems, lattice defects, lattice vibrations.
3) Band theory of solids. Formation of energy bands, effective mass, distribution functions, density of states, charge carrier concentration, Fermi level, metals, semiconductors, insulators.
4) Transport phenomena in semiconductors. Boltzmann transport equation, drift, electrical conductivity, relaxation time, scattering mechanisms, mobility, Hall effect, magnetoresistance, thermoelectric effect, Peltier effect, thermomagnetic effects, diffusion.
5) Semiconductors in a non-equilibrium state. Ambipolar mobility, Poisson equation, diffusion length, carrier generation and recombination, recombination centers, traps, photoelectric properties.
6) Inhomogeneous semiconductor systems. Homojunctions and heterojunctions, capacitance, current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, breakdown phenomena, metal-semiconductor contacts.
7) Electromagnetic waves in solids. Generation and nature of electromagnetic waves, interaction with material properties, waves in crystals, optical properties in external electric and magnetic fields.
8) Semiconductor radiation sources and detectors. Radiative and non-radiative recombination, radiation excitation mechanisms, LED, photodiode, solar cell, CCD sensor.
9) Lasers. Generation of coherent radiation, stimulated emission, types of lasers (gas, solid-state, semiconductor lasers).
10) Nanostructures. Quantum wells, wires, and dots; single-photon light-emitting diode; single-photon detector; quantum computer.
11) Nonlinear optical phenomena. Optical fibers, nonlinear media, second- and third-order nonlinear phenomena, light scattering.
12) Photonic crystals. Principle, properties, one-dimensional and two-dimensional crystals, defects, applications.
13) Superconductivity. Origin of superconductivity, types of superconductivity, high-temperature superconductivity, applications, Josephson effect, quantum Hall effect. 

Independent completion of assigned tasks using acquired knowledge and skills; study of relevant materials and resources; preparation, review, and completion of assignments in the required scope and format.

Independent study of materials related to the exercise; preparation of calculations, designs, and procedures for practical tasks; study of instructions and technical documentation; continuous preparation for knowledge assessment.