Course detail

Embedded Systems and Microprocessors

FEKT-BPC-MICAcad. year: 2022/2023

The course is focused on fundamentals of microprocessor and embedded systems. Students are familiarized with basic principals of microprocessor function, on-chip peripheral subsystems of microcontrollers, memory systems and memory management. The students will achieve practical experience with programing of the embedded systems in assembler and C language.

Language of instruction

Czech

Number of ECTS credits

6

Mode of study

Not applicable.

Guarantor

Ing. Tomáš Macho, Ph.D.

Department

Department of Control and Instrumentation (UAMT)

Learning outcomes of the course unit

Graduate should be able to:
- explain difference between microprocessor, microcontroller, DSP and signal controller,
- enumerat and describe methods of I/O peripherals.
- create software for simple embedded system in assembly and C language,
- expaline principles and describe characteristics of SRAM, DRAM, SDRAM, DDR RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, FLASH (NOR, NAND FLASH), FeRAM, MRAM memories,
- describe memory hierarchy and explain usage of cache memory,
- explain segmentation, paging, swapping and virtual memory,
- design connection of external memory with microcontroller,

Prerequisites

The student should be able to create simple C language program and explaine function of the elementary electronic parts.

Co-requisites

Not applicable.

Planned learning activities and teaching methods

Techning methods include lectures and laboratory lectures. Students have to create assignments during the laboratory lectures.

Assesment methods and criteria linked to learning outcomes

Up to 40 points for the laboratory lectures (2 tests up to 30 points, assignments up to 10 points).
Up to 60 points for the final oral examination. Minimal needed points from oral examination is 25.

Course curriculum

1. Introduction to the course. Embedded system, hardware and software requirements. Von Neumann architecture, base parts of the computer. Base computer cycle. Harvard architecture, modified Harvard architecture. Memory organization.
2. A program, a machine instruction, instruction sets. Jump instructions. Conditional branch. Conditional instruction execution. Number of the address in the instruction. Addressing modes.
3. A stack. Subroutines, arguments passing, saving a return value. Subroutine vs. macro. C language inline function.
4. Peripheral registers. Memory-mapped, separated and hybrid peripherals. Principles of I/O handling: busy waiting, interrupt, DMA. Interrupts: an interrupt controller, MSI, how CPU service the interrupt. Mask, non-mask and pseudo-mask interrupts. Nested interrupts. Processor RESET.
5. I/O handling software. C language utilization for I/O handling software in embedded systems: volatile keyword, writing of interrupt service routines in C language, peripheral register bit manipulation.
6. Base components of embedded systems: microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, digital signal controller, System on a Chip (SoC), ASIC. Peripheral subsystems of microcontrollers: ports.
7. Peripheral subsystems of microcontrollers: an interrupt controller, a RESET circuit, a watchdog, a real-time clock, a system clock generating unit, A/D, D/A convertors, counters and timers, Input Capture and Output Compare functions, time interval measurement.
8. Peripheral subsystems of microcontrollers: a PWM subsystem. Serial buses: UART (SCI), SPI, IIC.
9.A semiconductor memory structure. Principle and characteristics of SRAM, DRAM, SDRAM, DDR RAM memories.
10. Principle and characteristics of ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, FLASH (NOR, NAND FLASH), FeRAM, MRAM memories. Embedded system memory subsystem: Serial vs. parallel memory interface. Address decoder. Memory mirroring.
11. A pipelining. Branch hazard and resource conflict. CISC, RISC and Post RISC processors.
12. A memory hierarchy. Cache memories. Memory address to cache block mapping. Multilevel caches. Specialized caches
13. Uniprogramming, multiprogramming, time sharing, process, thread. Realtime systems. Memory management: Address space. Logical and physical address, MMU. Contiguous memory allocation, segmentation, paging. TLB. Swapping. Virtual memory. 

Work placements

Not applicable.

Aims

The aim of the course is to give base information about principles of the microprocessors systems, subsystems of microcontrollers and design of embedded system software.

Specification of controlled education, way of implementation and compensation for absences

The laboratory lectures are mandatory, the properly excused missed laboratory lectures can be compensate.

Recommended optional programme components

Not applicable.

Prerequisites and corequisites

Basic literature

MACHO, T.: Vestavné systémy a mikroprocesory. Učební text FEKT VUT v Brně. 2021. Dostupné v el. podobě. (CS)

Recommended reading

LIČEV, L., MORKES D.: Procesory - architektura, funkce, použití. Brno: Computer press, 1999. 260 s. ISBN 80-7226-172-X. (CS)
PINKER, J., POUPA, M.: Číslicové systémy a jazyk VHDL. Praha: BEN, 2006. 349 s. ISBN 80-7300-198-5. (CS)

eLearning

eLearning: currently opened course

Classification of course in study plans

  • Programme BPC-AMT Bachelor's, 2. year of study, summer semester, compulsory

Type of course unit

 

Lecture

26 hours, optionally

Teacher / Lecturer

Ing. Tomáš Macho, Ph.D.

Syllabus

1. Mathematical logic, logical function, Boole's algebraic. Table, map and algebraical form of logical function. Simplification of logical functions.
2. Combination logical circuits (switches, decoders, multiplectors, demultiplectors). Sequencal logical circuits: flip-flop.
3. Sequencal logical circuits: Huffman's model of automat, Mealy automat, Moor automat. Registers, counters, deviders, shift registers.
4. Memories. Computer block diagram, CPU - ALU, controller, registers. Microprocessor, microcomputer, microcontroller, DSP. Base principle microprocessor working. Clock cycle, phase, machine cycle, instruction cycle.
4. Addressing. Subrutins, interrupts, stacks utilisation. Von Neumann, Harvard modified Harvard microprocessor architectures. Overlapping. Pipelining.
5. Microcontrollers Motorola HCS12 family: Programmer model, ALU. Addressing modes. Operational modes and memory maps.
6. HCS12: Operating modes. Ports, MEBI units, Key Wake up function, PIM units. CRG units (oscilators, PLL, real-time interrup (RTI), Watchdog (COP)).
7. HCS12: A/D convertor. Timer subsystem: Imput capture function. Output compare function. Pulse accumulatos.
8.HCS12: Serial Comunication Interface (SCI). Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI). Low power modes WAIT and STOP.
9. HCS12: Connectios microprocessor with external components as memoris, A/D and D/A convertors, keyboard, display.
10. Segmentation, paging and virtual memory. Intel IA32 (I386) architecture: Programmer model. Addressing modes. Memory addressing and I/O addressing.
11. IA32: Privilegy levels. Local and global address space. GDI and LDI tables. Logical address, linear address. Segment descriptors. Data segment Acces.
12. IA32: Calling instruction segment. Gates. Task switching. Interrupts in real and protected mode. Paging unit.
13. Architecture of Intel pentium P6. MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3 instructions. New states of art in Intel microprocessors. Embedded systems.

Exercise in computer lab

39 hours, compulsory

Teacher / Lecturer

Ing. František Burian, Ph.D.
Ing. Tomáš Macho, Ph.D.
Ing. Petr Petyovský, Ph.D.

Syllabus

1. Decimal, hexadecimal and binary numbers. Addition, substraction binary numbers. First complemment. Miltiplication and division binary numbers.
2. Floating point numbers by IEEE-754 standard. Logical function simplification, binary sumation circuit design.
3. Sequece logical circuit design.
4. Assembly language prougram - addition and substraction 16 bit and 32 bit numbers.
5. Assembly language program - moving field of numbers. Assembly language program for sorting field of numbers.
6. Assembly language program - multiplication two 16 bit numbers with using shift instructions.
Assembler programme for multiplication two 16 bit numbers with using MUL instructions.
7. Assembly language program - stack utilisation.
8. C language program - utilisation of binary HCS12 I/O ports.
9. C programme - utilisation of HCS12 Real Time Interrupt.
10. C programme - utilisation of HCS12 serial comunication interface.
11. C programme - utilisation of HCS12 A/D convertor.
12.C programme - utilisation of HCS12 Output Compare and Imput Capture functions.
13. Final test.

eLearning

eLearning: currently opened course