Publication result detail

An Automata-Based Framework for Verification and Bug Hunting in Quantum Circuits

LENGÁL, O.; CHEN, Y.; TSAI, W.; LIN, J.; CHUNG, K.; YEN, D.

Original Title

An Automata-Based Framework for Verification and Bug Hunting in Quantum Circuits

English Title

An Automata-Based Framework for Verification and Bug Hunting in Quantum Circuits

Type

WoS Article

Original Abstract

As quantum computing hardware advances, the demand for scalable, precise, and fully automated verification techniques for quantum circuits grows. This paper introduces a novel automata-based framework tailored for the verification of quantum circuits. In our approach, the problem is framed as a triple {P}C{S} and the question is whether, given a set P of quantum states on the input of a circuit C, the set of quantum states on the output is equal to (or included in) a set S. Our framework leverages tree automata to compactly represent sets of quantum states and we develop transformers to implement the semantics of quantum gates over this representation. We implemented the proposed approach in a prototype tool and evaluated its performance against various benchmarks from the literature. The evaluation shows that our approach is quite scalable, for example, we managed to verify a large circuit with 40 qubits and 141,527 gates, or catch bugs injected into a circuit with 320 qubits and 1,758 gates, where all tools we compared with failed. Additionally, our work bridges quantum program verification and automata, opening new possibilities to exploit the richness of automata theory in quantum computing.

English abstract

As quantum computing hardware advances, the demand for scalable, precise, and fully automated verification techniques for quantum circuits grows. This paper introduces a novel automata-based framework tailored for the verification of quantum circuits. In our approach, the problem is framed as a triple {P}C{S} and the question is whether, given a set P of quantum states on the input of a circuit C, the set of quantum states on the output is equal to (or included in) a set S. Our framework leverages tree automata to compactly represent sets of quantum states and we develop transformers to implement the semantics of quantum gates over this representation. We implemented the proposed approach in a prototype tool and evaluated its performance against various benchmarks from the literature. The evaluation shows that our approach is quite scalable, for example, we managed to verify a large circuit with 40 qubits and 141,527 gates, or catch bugs injected into a circuit with 320 qubits and 1,758 gates, where all tools we compared with failed. Additionally, our work bridges quantum program verification and automata, opening new possibilities to exploit the richness of automata theory in quantum computing.

Keywords

quantum;tree automata;entanglement;verification

Key words in English

quantum;tree automata;entanglement;verification

Authors

LENGÁL, O.; CHEN, Y.; TSAI, W.; LIN, J.; CHUNG, K.; YEN, D.

Released

01.06.2025

Periodical

COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM

Volume

68

Number

6

State

United States of America

Pages from

85

Pages to

93

Pages count

9

URL

https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3725728

BibTex

@article{BUT198194,
  author="LENGÁL, O. and CHEN, Y. and TSAI, W. and LIN, J. and CHUNG, K. and YEN, D.",
  title="An Automata-Based Framework for Verification and Bug Hunting in Quantum Circuits",
  journal="COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM",
  year="2025",
  volume="68",
  number="6",
  pages="85--93",
  doi="10.1145/3725728",
  issn="0001-0782",
  url="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3725728"
}