Publication result detail

Hybrid Keys in Practice: Combining Classical, Quantum and Post-Quantum Cryptography

RICCI, S.; DOBIÁŠ, P.; MALINA, L.; HAJNÝ, J.; JEDLIČKA, P.

Original Title

Hybrid Keys in Practice: Combining Classical, Quantum and Post-Quantum Cryptography

English Title

Hybrid Keys in Practice: Combining Classical, Quantum and Post-Quantum Cryptography

Type

WoS Article

Original Abstract

Currently, with the threat of quantum computer attacks, the idea of combining several same-type primitives has reemerged. This is also the case for cryptographic keys where a hybrid quantum key exchange combination allows for preserving the security guarantees of pre-quantum schemes and achieving quantum resistance of post-quantum schemes. In this article, we present a concrete 3-key combiner system implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) platform. Our system involves a pre-quantum Key EXchange scheme (KEX), a post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism, and a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) algorithm. The proposed 3-key combiner is proven to be secure in the quantum standard model and it is INDistinguishable under a Chosen-Ciphertext Attack (IND-CCA). Our combiner can run in small FPGA platforms due to its relatively low resources usage. In particular, the key combiner without QKD is able to output up to 1 624 keys per second and the key combiner with QKD is able to output up to 9.2 keys per second.

English abstract

Currently, with the threat of quantum computer attacks, the idea of combining several same-type primitives has reemerged. This is also the case for cryptographic keys where a hybrid quantum key exchange combination allows for preserving the security guarantees of pre-quantum schemes and achieving quantum resistance of post-quantum schemes. In this article, we present a concrete 3-key combiner system implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) platform. Our system involves a pre-quantum Key EXchange scheme (KEX), a post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism, and a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) algorithm. The proposed 3-key combiner is proven to be secure in the quantum standard model and it is INDistinguishable under a Chosen-Ciphertext Attack (IND-CCA). Our combiner can run in small FPGA platforms due to its relatively low resources usage. In particular, the key combiner without QKD is able to output up to 1 624 keys per second and the key combiner with QKD is able to output up to 9.2 keys per second.

Keywords

Authentication;Cryptography;Key Establishment;Post-Quantum Cryptography;Security;Quantum Key Distribution (QKD);Dual-PRF;Key Combiner

Key words in English

Authentication;Cryptography;Key Establishment;Post-Quantum Cryptography;Security;Quantum Key Distribution (QKD);Dual-PRF;Key Combiner

Authors

RICCI, S.; DOBIÁŠ, P.; MALINA, L.; HAJNÝ, J.; JEDLIČKA, P.

RIV year

2025

Released

10.02.2024

Publisher

IEEE

ISBN

2169-3536

Periodical

IEEE Access

Volume

12

Number

1

State

United States of America

Pages from

23206

Pages to

23219

Pages count

15

URL

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10430098

Full text in the Digital Library

http://hdl.handle.net/11012/245502

BibTex

@article{BUT188009,
  author="Sara {Ricci} and Patrik {Dobiáš} and Lukáš {Malina} and Jan {Hajný} and Petr {Jedlička}",
  title="Hybrid Keys in Practice: Combining Classical, Quantum and Post-Quantum Cryptography",
  journal="IEEE Access",
  year="2024",
  volume="12",
  number="1",
  pages="23206--23219",
  doi="10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3364520",
  issn="2169-3536",
  url="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10430098"
}

Documents

Hybrid_Keys_in_Practice_Combining_Classical_Quantum_and_Post-Quantum_Cryptography