Course detail
Imaging Systems with Ionizeing Radiation
FEKT-MPA-ZIZAcad. year: 2021/2022
This course is focused to using of ionizing radiation in medical imaging. First part of the course is dedicated to basics of atomic physics which are neccessary for understanding of physical principles of X-ray and gamma rays. In the next part we focus to projection X-ray systems in different applications (projection skiagraphy, fluoroscopy, mammography, bone denzitometry and dental X-rays). We continue with using of X-ray in computed tomography (CT) - definition of Radon's transform as basic concept of image reconstruction, constructional aspects of CT systems. Third part of this course is focused to medical imaging in nuclear medicine - planar gammagraphy, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET). The last part deals with hybrid imaging systems which combines two imaging modalities into single system. Image quality and achievable parameters are discussed for all imaging systems.
Language of instruction
Number of ECTS credits
Mode of study
Guarantor
Offered to foreign students
Learning outcomes of the course unit
Prerequisites
Co-requisites
Planned learning activities and teaching methods
Assesment methods and criteria linked to learning outcomes
Course curriculum
2. Physics of ionizing ray - electromagentic ray, atom and its models, electron transitions, characteristic radiation and Auger electron emission, nuclear stability, radioactivity, interactions of radiation with matter (all kinds), attenuation of radiation
3. X-Ray Systems - geometric acquisition, summated imaging, x-ray tube - basic principle, characteristic radiation, Bremsstrahlung, types of x-ray tubes, materials for anodes, X-Ray generators, filtration and collimation of the radiation, primary collimator
4. X-Ray Systems - scattered radiation, Bucky grid, anti-scatter grid, detection of X-Ray - photographic film, computed digital radiography (memory foils), flat panels with direct and indirect detection of radiation, specifications for fluoroscopy - image intensifier, different acquistion parameters
5. X-Ray Systems - nontypical applications - fluoroscopy, using of contrast agents, mammography, dental X-Ray, bone densitometry, dual energy acquisition, 3D digital tomosynthesis, image quality of X-Ray Systems
6. CT systems - tommographic systems, basic principles - parallel projections, image reconstruction, algebraic reconstruction, simple back projection, filtered back projection, iterative reconstructions, fan beam projections, helical data interpolation, multi-layer detectors interpolations, definition of CT number
7. CT systems - historical overview of CT systems and generations - first, second, third, slip ring technology, fourth and fifth generation, helical systems, sub-secund systems, multi-layer systems. X-Ray tubes for CT systems - differences to standard X-Ray tubes
8. CT systems - detection of radiation in CT - gas detectors, scintilators, technologies for production of multi-layer detectors. Acquisition parameters - anode voltage, anode current, helical pitch, binning. Technical perspective of CT system components - gantry, patient table and others. Image quality of CT systems
9. Nuclear Medicine Imaging - radionuclides as a source of ionizing radiation, gamma radiation, summation imaging - planar gammagraphy, Anger camera, semicondutor´s material and detection by semiconductors
10. Nuclear Medicine Imaging - tomographic systems - single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET) - definitions, projections, set of projections, image reconstructions, coincidence, time-of-flight detection and reconstructions, typical radiopharmaceuticals (technecium 99m, FDG, etc)
11. Hybrid Medical Imaging - construction, combination of selected imaging modalities - advantages, disadvantages, correction of attenuation, SPECT-CT, PET-CT, PET-MRI, unusual combinations for preclinical research
12. Radiation biology - dose, negative effects of ionizing radiation to tissue, limitations of radiation dose, simulations of radiation protection
Work placements
Aims
Specification of controlled education, way of implementation and compensation for absences
Recommended optional programme components
Prerequisites and corequisites
Basic literature
Buzug T.M.: Computed Tomography: From Photon Statistics to Modern Cone-bean CT, Springer, 2010 (EN)
Gilmore D., Waterstram-Rich, K.: Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT: Technology and Techniques, 8th Edition, Mosby, 2016 (EN)
CHERRY, Simon R, James A SORENSON a Michael E PHELPS. Physics in nuclear medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders, c2012. ISBN 978-1-4160-5198-5. (CS)
JERROLD T. BUSHBERG . Essential physics of medical imaging. 3. ed., Internat. ed. S.l.: Lippincott Williams And W, 2011. ISBN 9781451118100. (CS)
Mettler, A.F., Guiberteau M. J.: Essentials of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 7th Edition, Elsevier, 2018 (EN)
RUSSO, Paolo, [2017]. Handbook of X-ray imaging: physics and technology. Boca Raton. ISBN 14-987-4152-5. (CS)
Recommended reading
Elearning
Classification of course in study plans
Type of course unit
Exercise in computer lab
Teacher / Lecturer
Elearning