Course detail
Materialography
FSI-WMGAcad. year: 2014/2015
Basic methods of preparation, observation and evaluation the structure of metallic and ceramic materials or composites and relation assessment among the structure, mechanical and physical properties. In addition, students will be introduced to evaluation of material structure with current standards and will apply their knowledge to practical examples.
Language of instruction
Czech
Number of ECTS credits
7
Mode of study
Not applicable.
Guarantor
Learning outcomes of the course unit
Students will prepare materialographic samples for all evaluation methods, and evaluate structural components for all studied materials.
They will be made familiar with the use of particular metallographic methods. They will be able to evaluate independently the relations among the technology, structure and utility properties of the material.
They will be made familiar with the use of particular metallographic methods. They will be able to evaluate independently the relations among the technology, structure and utility properties of the material.
Prerequisites
Students are expected to have general knowledge and basic knowledge of mathematics, physics and chemistry acquired at secondary school. They should have the basic knowledge with respect to the following fields of materials: the structure of metals and alloys, composite materials, constructional ceramics and materials for electronics.
Co-requisites
Not applicable.
Planned learning activities and teaching methods
The course is taught through lectures explaining the basic principles and theory of the discipline. Teaching is suplemented by practical laboratory work.
Assesment methods and criteria linked to learning outcomes
Exam: written and oral parts. Awarding the course-unit credit is conditional on the elaboration of protocols, full attendance and credit test.
Course curriculum
1. Work safety in a metallographic laboratory. Prediction of mechanical properties on the basis of structure characteristics.
2. Metallographic sampling for metallographic analysis. Selection of a metallographic sample position. Metallographic cut sample orientation, metallographic sample surface. Technological aspects of suitability of the sample selection. Influence of the sampling method on the structure.
3. Grinding, polishing of samples for light microscopy observation. Mechanical polishing, electrolytic polishing, chemical polishing. Laboratory techniques of semi-automatic and automatic preparation of metallographic samples. Etching, colour etching.
4. Structure observation of non-etching samples. Steel purity determination. Baumann printing. Etching samples observation (selection). Macroscopic etching and observation.
5. Replicas preparation. Foils preparation. Samples for scanning electron microscopy.
6. The most frequent types of steels selection and cast iron their structure valuation in terms of standards ČSN.
7. Individual work. Sample preparation and evaluation of the structure (method selection) of the given ferroalloy material.
8. Specific features of copper alloy samples preparation (Cu, Bronze cast and wrought, Brass cast and wrought)
9. Aluminium alloy (cast, wrought, hardenable and non-hardenable) sample preparation.
10. Study of corrosion (outlines). Study of cavitations. Possibilities of studying fatigue processes. Liquation, segregation and study of other non-homogeneities.
11. Bimetal and sandwich composites metallography. Basic aspects of ceramic-metallic materials, SAPs and sintered carbides preparation.
12. Systemization and classification of fractures. Fracture area evaluation methods.
13. Methods of the quantitative evaluation of the structure. Spatial arrangement of structure components (stereo-logical models).
2. Metallographic sampling for metallographic analysis. Selection of a metallographic sample position. Metallographic cut sample orientation, metallographic sample surface. Technological aspects of suitability of the sample selection. Influence of the sampling method on the structure.
3. Grinding, polishing of samples for light microscopy observation. Mechanical polishing, electrolytic polishing, chemical polishing. Laboratory techniques of semi-automatic and automatic preparation of metallographic samples. Etching, colour etching.
4. Structure observation of non-etching samples. Steel purity determination. Baumann printing. Etching samples observation (selection). Macroscopic etching and observation.
5. Replicas preparation. Foils preparation. Samples for scanning electron microscopy.
6. The most frequent types of steels selection and cast iron their structure valuation in terms of standards ČSN.
7. Individual work. Sample preparation and evaluation of the structure (method selection) of the given ferroalloy material.
8. Specific features of copper alloy samples preparation (Cu, Bronze cast and wrought, Brass cast and wrought)
9. Aluminium alloy (cast, wrought, hardenable and non-hardenable) sample preparation.
10. Study of corrosion (outlines). Study of cavitations. Possibilities of studying fatigue processes. Liquation, segregation and study of other non-homogeneities.
11. Bimetal and sandwich composites metallography. Basic aspects of ceramic-metallic materials, SAPs and sintered carbides preparation.
12. Systemization and classification of fractures. Fracture area evaluation methods.
13. Methods of the quantitative evaluation of the structure. Spatial arrangement of structure components (stereo-logical models).
Work placements
Not applicable.
Aims
The goal is to gain experience in preparing, observing and evaluation structure of materials for the study of the interrelationship between structure and properties of materials; and those applied in engineering practice.
Specification of controlled education, way of implementation and compensation for absences
Attendance at seminars is compulsory. Absence from seminars may be compensated for by the agreement with the teacher.
Recommended optional programme components
Not applicable.
Prerequisites and corequisites
Not applicable.
Basic literature
Jandoš, F., Říman R., Gemperle A.: Využití moderních laboratorních metod v metalografii.
Metalog Guide, Struers
Normy ČSN ISO 4967, ČSN 42 0462, ČSN 42 0463, ASTM E112, ČSN EN 1321, ČSN EN 1043-1,2, ČSN EN ISO 945, ČSN EN ISO 1463, ČSN EN ISO 9220, ČSN EN ISO 3882, ČSN 42 0469, ČSN EN ISO 5817, ČSN EN ISO 6520-1 atd.
Saxl, I. Stereologie vnitřní struktury objektů, 1984, 260s.
Studijní opory ÚMVI, FSI, VUT Brno; http:/ime.fme.vutbr.cz
Metalog Guide, Struers
Normy ČSN ISO 4967, ČSN 42 0462, ČSN 42 0463, ASTM E112, ČSN EN 1321, ČSN EN 1043-1,2, ČSN EN ISO 945, ČSN EN ISO 1463, ČSN EN ISO 9220, ČSN EN ISO 3882, ČSN 42 0469, ČSN EN ISO 5817, ČSN EN ISO 6520-1 atd.
Saxl, I. Stereologie vnitřní struktury objektů, 1984, 260s.
Studijní opory ÚMVI, FSI, VUT Brno; http:/ime.fme.vutbr.cz
Recommended reading
Ptáček L. a kol. : Nauka o materiálu I, , 0
Classification of course in study plans
Type of course unit
Lecture
26 hod., optionally
Teacher / Lecturer
Syllabus
1. Introduction to materialography, sample preparation procedures for light microscopy.
2. Introduction to light microscopy and application in case of structural analysis, color contrast.
3. Special methods of sample preparation procedures for ferrous and non-ferrous alloys (deep etching, color etching, electrolytic etching), introduction to fractography.
4. Application of electron microscopy in materialography, sample preparation for TEM (replicas, foils).
5. Methods of phases identification by electron and X-ray diffraction; chemical microanalysis of structure in TEM, SEM.
6. Image analysis fundamentals, Introduction to stereology.
7. Image analysis applications in case of structure and structure defects evaluation in selected non-ferrous alloys.
8. Methods of grain size determination in steels and non-ferrous metals from metallographic samples and fracture surfaces. Methods of evaluation of cast iron structure.
9. Methods of determination of content of nonmetallic inclusions according to the standards DIN, ČSN, ASTM.
10. Assessment of welds in terms of macrostructure, microstructure, microhardness and defects according to standards EN ISO.
11. Materialographic evaluation of corrosion according to standards.
12. Materialographic evaluation of ceramic.
13. Structure of wood and composites.
2. Introduction to light microscopy and application in case of structural analysis, color contrast.
3. Special methods of sample preparation procedures for ferrous and non-ferrous alloys (deep etching, color etching, electrolytic etching), introduction to fractography.
4. Application of electron microscopy in materialography, sample preparation for TEM (replicas, foils).
5. Methods of phases identification by electron and X-ray diffraction; chemical microanalysis of structure in TEM, SEM.
6. Image analysis fundamentals, Introduction to stereology.
7. Image analysis applications in case of structure and structure defects evaluation in selected non-ferrous alloys.
8. Methods of grain size determination in steels and non-ferrous metals from metallographic samples and fracture surfaces. Methods of evaluation of cast iron structure.
9. Methods of determination of content of nonmetallic inclusions according to the standards DIN, ČSN, ASTM.
10. Assessment of welds in terms of macrostructure, microstructure, microhardness and defects according to standards EN ISO.
11. Materialographic evaluation of corrosion according to standards.
12. Materialographic evaluation of ceramic.
13. Structure of wood and composites.