Multiphysics Modeling of Electrode Heaters for Grid-Scale Thermal Energy Storage

Multiphysics Modeling of Electrode Heaters for Grid-Scale Thermal Energy Storage

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This paper investigates the integration of energy storage systems within renewable energy infrastructures, emphasizing the challenges associated with the intermittent nature of renewable generation. It proposes the use of electric water heating as a cost-effective and practical thermal storage solution for managing excess energy during peak production periods. The study focuses on the technical feasibility of employing electric water heaters, particularly in industrial settings, where they can serve dual purposes by supporting both energy absorption and thermal processing. Using tap water as the working fluid in an electric heating device, simulations are conducted to evaluate thermal behavior and ensure outlet temperatures remain below boiling, thereby avoiding phase changes and maintaining system stability. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model incorporates the Navier-Stokes equations for fluid dynamics and Laplace equations for electric potential distribution, with relevant boundary conditions applied. Results reveal that the most significant heat losses occur near the outlet electrode and at the inlet due to flow turbulence. These findings offer valuable insights into improving the design and thermal efficiency of electric heating systems integrated with renewable energy sources. The study provides a foundational framework for optimizing thermal management in energy storage applications and highlights the potential of electric water heating to enhance the performance, reliability, and efficiency of future renewable energy systems.

This paper investigates the integration of energy storage systems within renewable energy infrastructures, emphasizing the challenges associated with the intermittent nature of renewable generation. It proposes the use of electric water heating as a cost-effective and practical thermal storage solution for managing excess energy during peak production periods. The study focuses on the technical feasibility of employing electric water heaters, particularly in industrial settings, where they can serve dual purposes by supporting both energy absorption and thermal processing. Using tap water as the working fluid in an electric heating device, simulations are conducted to evaluate thermal behavior and ensure outlet temperatures remain below boiling, thereby avoiding phase changes and maintaining system stability. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model incorporates the Navier-Stokes equations for fluid dynamics and Laplace equations for electric potential distribution, with relevant boundary conditions applied. Results reveal that the most significant heat losses occur near the outlet electrode and at the inlet due to flow turbulence. These findings offer valuable insights into improving the design and thermal efficiency of electric heating systems integrated with renewable energy sources. The study provides a foundational framework for optimizing thermal management in energy storage applications and highlights the potential of electric water heating to enhance the performance, reliability, and efficiency of future renewable energy systems.

Electrode, heater, grid, stabilization

Electrode, heater, grid, stabilization

HEMZAL, M.; SÚKENÍK, J.; ČERVINKA, D.

25.11.2025

IEEE

979-8-3315-6752-1

2025 Energy Conversion Congress & Expo Europe (ECCE Europe)

1

5

5

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11238275

Multiphysics_Modeling_of_Electrode_Heaters_for_Grid-Scale_Thermal_Energy_Storage